Follow print for use of the paragraph and section signs.

Follow print for use of the percent sign.

In non-technical material, list the complete shape symbol (without any grade 1 indicator) and its meaning on the symbols page or in a transcriber's note.

Note: A grade 1 indicator may need to be added before the symbol in the text of the document being transcribed.

Refer to: Section 11.7, Technical Material, and Guidelines for Technical Material, Part 14, for further information on shapes; and 3.26 for transcriber-defined symbols.

A space is a blank area separating words, letters, numbers and punctuation. Whenever there is some amount of space in print, including at the end of a line, there is a space in braille. If there is doubt as to whether a space is present in print, presume one is present. The amount of space present is not considered important.

Note: In print, formatting and other techniques can leave varying amounts of space. In braille, formatting rules may also require varying amounts of space, for example two spaces at the beginning of a paragraph and aligning text in a table.

Refer to: Section 6.6, Numeric Mode, for the special case of a space used as a separator within a number and to Section 11.2.2, Technical Material, for spacing in mathematics.

Indicate the subscript or superscript position when used in print. In grade 2 braille, use grade 1 mode for the subscript and the superscript indicators.

Refer to: Section 11.4, Technical Material, for superscripts and subscripts and to 3.4, for braille grouping indicators.

Refer to: Section 4.2, Letters and Their Modifiers, for the tilde accent above a letter.

Use a transcriber-defined symbol for any print symbol which has no UEB equivalent and which occurs so frequently in the text that the use of a transcriber-defined shape or composite symbol would be impractical. List each transcriber-defined symbol used and its meaning on the symbols page or in a transcriber's note.

Note: In grade 2 braille, use grade 1 mode for the first transcriber-defined print symbol.

Refer to: Section 4.2, Letters and Their Modifiers, for transcriber-defined modifiers and Section 9.5, Typeforms, for transcriber-defined typeform indicators.

Use the opening and closing transcriber's note indicators as unspaced enclosures around words of explanation added by the transcriber and embedded within the text. However, do not use transcriber's note indicators for notes on a separate preliminary page set up specifically to list general transcriber's notes.

Follow print when transcribing into braille, including accents, punctuation and capitalisation.

Note: This provision does not apply to print ornamentation as provided for in 2.3.2 below, or to parts of the braille text which are added by the transcriber, e.g. preliminary pages, page information lines, or transcriber's notes.

When transcribing, it is preferable to ignore print ornamentation which is present only to enhance the appearance of the publication and does not impart any useful information. Examples of print ornamentation include:

• different typefaces or fonts for headings
• the lowercase of letters with accents in a fully capitalised word
  
• coloured type used for all example words
  
• italics used for all variables in a text
• small capitals font used for all Roman numerals