Use the lower wordsign for "be", "were", "his" or "was" when the word it represents is "standing alone". However, the lower wordsign is not used when in contact with any punctuation sign, including the hyphen and dash, that has only lower dots. For the purposes of this rule, any type of quotation mark which may be present is considered to have only lower dots. When a capitals indicator or a capitals terminator is present, it is disregarded in determining whether to use the lower wordsign.

Refer to: Section 2.6, Terminology and General Rules, for the definition of "standing alone".

Use the lower wordsign for "enough" when the word it represents is "standing alone". When a capitals indicator or a capitals terminator is present, it is disregarded in determining whether to use the lower wordsign. The lower wordsign is also used in the word "enough's".

Refer to: Section 2.6, Terminology and General Rules, for the definition of "standing alone".

Use the lower wordsign for "in" wherever the word it represents occurs provided that any sequence in which it occurs includes a sign with an upper dot. For the purposes of this rule, any type of quotation mark which may be present is considered to have only lower dots. When a capitals indicator or a capitals terminator is present, it is disregarded in determining whether to use the lower wordsign.

Use the lower wordsigns for "enough" and "in" with any number of lower punctuation signs provided the sequence includes a sign with upper dots. For the purposes of this rule, any type of quotation mark which may be present is considered to have only lower dots. If there is not a sign with upper dots in the sequence, do not use the final lower wordsign.

Use the lower groupsign for "be", "con" or "dis" when the letters it represents form the first syllable of a word.

Use the lower groupsign for "be", "con" or "dis" only at the beginning of a word and only when followed by a letter, a contraction, a modified letter or a ligatured letter.

Note: The beginning of a word is defined as the letters-sequence which follows a space, hyphen or dash and which may be preceded by the punctuation and indicator symbols listed in Section 2.6.2, Terminology and General Rules.

Do not use the lower groupsign for "be", "con", or "dis", when the letters it represents are followed by a capitals indicator or a capitals terminator.

Use the lower groupsign for "be", "con" or "dis" in an abbreviation when it is used in the unabbreviated form of the word and when it is followed by at least one other letter.

Note: If the unabbreviated form is not known and cannot be determined from the text or by reference to a standard dictionary, it is permissible to use the lower groupsign.

Use the initial-letter contraction for "upon", "these", "those", "whose" or "there" when its meaning as a whole word is retained.

Use the initial-letter contraction as a wordsign and wherever the letters it represents occur; except for the specific provisions given below; and unless other rules limit its use.