The scope of a level change indicator, that is, the symbol(s) affected by it, is the next "item". An item is defined as any of the following groupings:

• An entire number, i.e. the initiating numeric symbol and all succeeding symbols within the numeric mode thus established (which would include decimal points, commas and simple numeric fraction lines).

• An entire general fraction, enclosed in fraction indicators (Section 11.3).

• An entire radical expression, enclosed in radical indicators (Section 11.5).

• An arrow (Section 11.6).

• An arbitrary shape (Section 11.7).

• Any expression enclosed in matching pairs of round parentheses, square brackets or curly braces.

• Any expression enclosed in the braille grouping indicators.

If none of the foregoing apply, the item is the next individual symbol.

Follow the provisions of Sections 4.2 and 4.3, Letters and Their Modifiers for the treatment of ligatured letters and the macron.

Use uncontracted braille for Old English, that is, English written before about 1100.

If a superscript or subscript appears within a grade 2 passage, it may need a grade 1 indicator.

In Middle English (c. 1100 to c. 1450) the use of contractions is optional. When contractions are used, have regard for spelling variations.

Use contracted braille for Early Modern English (c. 1450 to c. 1650) having regard for spelling variations.

When transcribing algebraic expressions involving superscripts, braille grouping symbols may be required.

Refer to: 11.4.1 for the definition of an item.

Refer to: Guidelines for Technical Material, Part 7, Superscripts and Subscripts, (7.4, 7.5, 7.7, 7.8 and 7.9), for the treatment of superscripts or subscripts which are on multiple levels, left displaced, or directly above or below the item. Also for bars, dots, tildes etc that appear directly over or under items.

Computer notation is any text written in a formal syntax that is designed to allow computers to utilize the text directly for technical purposes related to the computer itself. Examples include computer programs written in procedural languages such as Java, C++, COBOL, and various "assembly" languages, nonprocedural scripting and markup languages such as XHTML, and data files prepared to meet the input requirements of specific programs. 

Note: 

• "Displayed" computer notation is presented in one or more lines separate from the surrounding literary text; 

• "inline" computer notation is presented within ordinary literary text, for example, an email address mentioned within a sentence.

The expression inside the square root sign in print (the radicand) should be preceded by the open radical sign and followed by the close radical sign. The radicand itself may be any expression whatsoever, and may therefore contain radicals as well as other mathematical structures.

Note: If an open or close radical sign appears within a grade 2 passage, it may need a grade 1 indicator.

In print the radical index, if present, is printed above and to the left of the radical sign. This index is placed in braille as a superscript expression immediately following the opening radical symbol.