When transcribing algebraic expressions involving superscripts, braille grouping symbols may be required.

Refer to: 11.4.1 for the definition of an item.

Refer to: Guidelines for Technical Material, Part 7, Superscripts and Subscripts, (7.4, 7.5, 7.7, 7.8 and 7.9), for the treatment of superscripts or subscripts which are on multiple levels, left displaced, or directly above or below the item. Also for bars, dots, tildes etc that appear directly over or under items.

Computer notation is any text written in a formal syntax that is designed to allow computers to utilize the text directly for technical purposes related to the computer itself. Examples include computer programs written in procedural languages such as Java, C++, COBOL, and various "assembly" languages, nonprocedural scripting and markup languages such as XHTML, and data files prepared to meet the input requirements of specific programs. 

Note: 

• "Displayed" computer notation is presented in one or more lines separate from the surrounding literary text; 

• "inline" computer notation is presented within ordinary literary text, for example, an email address mentioned within a sentence.

The expression inside the square root sign in print (the radicand) should be preceded by the open radical sign and followed by the close radical sign. The radicand itself may be any expression whatsoever, and may therefore contain radicals as well as other mathematical structures.

Note: If an open or close radical sign appears within a grade 2 passage, it may need a grade 1 indicator.

In print the radical index, if present, is printed above and to the left of the radical sign. This index is placed in braille as a superscript expression immediately following the opening radical symbol.

A displayed computer program or program fragment should normally be transcribed in grade 1 braille; nearby excerpts from a program that is displayed in grade 1 should preferably also be in grade 1, for consistency. Other expressions, such as email addresses, web sites, URLs, filenames, and computer expressions not displayed on separate lines, should normally be transcribed in grade 2 braille.

Refer to: Section 2, Terminology and General Rules, for the "Standing Alone" rule; and also to Section 10, Contractions, for examples of email and web addresses. 

Refer to: Guidelines for Technical Material, Part 17, Computer Notation, for an example of a program fragment. 

The general UEB principles on the choice of single letter, word or passage mode apply; in particular, a capital terminator should not be used within a two-letter chemical element symbol. Using single capital indicators for chemical formulae provides a uniform appearance to the braille; nevertheless, there may be a clear advantage in using capital passage mode in some cases. Letters representing chemical elements should never be contracted.

When a print grouping symbol stretches across several lines of print, use the appropriate enlarged grouping symbol in braille. Repeat the grouping symbols directly under each other on each line. Use blank lines before and after such arrangements for clarity. 

A simple arrow has a standard barbed tip at one end (like a v on its side, pointing away from the shaft). The shaft is straight and its length and thickness are not significant. These arrows are represented by an opening arrow indicator and the appropriate closing arrow indicator.

Arrows with non-standard shafts

Dots 25        single line shaft   

Dots 2356    double line shaft  

Dot 2            dotted line shaft  

If a shape is followed by a space then no termination symbol is needed. If however the shape symbol is followed by punctuation, or unspaced from a following symbol, then the shape terminator must be used.

The description within transcriber-defined shapes should be a short series of initials or a single grade 1 word. They should not be used if the print symbol is already covered elsewhere in the code. The definitions of all shape symbols should be available to the reader in either a transcriber's note or on a special symbols page.