Preferably do not use the alphabetic wordsign when it is known, or can be determined from the text, or by reference to a standard dictionary, that the letters the wordsign represents are pronounced separately as in an acronym or abbreviation.

Do not use the alphabetic wordsign for a syllable of a word shown in syllables.

Use the strong wordsign when the word it represents is "standing alone".

Refer to: Section 2.6, Terminology and General Rules, for the definition of "standing alone".

Use the strong wordsign when the word it represents is followed by an apostrophe with the following letters: d, ll, re, s, t, ve, provided that the resulting word is standing alone.

Use the strong contraction wherever the letters it represents occur unless other rules limit its use.

Use the strong groupsign wherever the letters it represents occur unless other rules limit its use.

When the use of a strong groupsign for "ch", "sh", "th", "wh", "ou" or "st" would be misread as a word, braille the letters individually.

Refer to: Section 10.2, for further explanation about using these signs to represent words.

Use the strong groupsign for "ing" wherever the letters it represents occur except at the beginning of a word.

Note: The beginning of a word is defined as the letters-sequence which follows a space, hyphen or dash and which may be preceded by the punctuation and indicator symbols listed in Section 2.6.2, Terminology and General Rules.

Use the lower wordsign for "be", "were", "his" or "was" when the word it represents is "standing alone". However, the lower wordsign is not used when in contact with any punctuation sign, including the hyphen and dash, that has only lower dots. For the purposes of this rule, any type of quotation mark which may be present is considered to have only lower dots. When a capitals indicator or a capitals terminator is present, it is disregarded in determining whether to use the lower wordsign.

Refer to: Section 2.6, Terminology and General Rules, for the definition of "standing alone".

Use the lower wordsign for "enough" when the word it represents is "standing alone". When a capitals indicator or a capitals terminator is present, it is disregarded in determining whether to use the lower wordsign. The lower wordsign is also used in the word "enough's".

Refer to: Section 2.6, Terminology and General Rules, for the definition of "standing alone".