In determining whether a word or phrase is foreign or anglicised, consistency within a book is much more important than consistency between books. The publisher's (or where possible the author's) intention, if ascertainable, should be regarded as paramount. Attention should be paid to typography, since italics or (less frequently) bold or quotation marks are often used to distinguish words regarded as foreign from those regarded as anglicised. 

Refer to: 13.2, for the treatment of contractions in words, phrases or passages, regarded as foreign.

In doubtful cases the default position is to consider the word or phrase as foreign. Therefore titles (for example) in another language should be regarded as foreign, even though English and foreign titles are not differentiated. 

Note: If a standard dictionary is consulted to settle a question which cannot be resolved by reference to the book itself, care should be taken to ensure that the dictionary is actually purporting to answer the question with which the transcriber is confronted. It should also be remembered that even good dictionaries do not agree among themselves as to what words are to be regarded as foreign. 

Note: If using a dictionary, ensure that it is less than ten years old. Words or expressions that appear as main entries in the body of the dictionary are considered anglicised unless they are identified as foreign. Consult the usage guide for the dictionary to determine how foreign terms are identified, e.g. by a distinctive typeface or by a special print marker.

Except as provided for in the note below, do not use contractions in words, phrases or passages which are regarded as foreign, including any English words within the expression.

Note: It is permissible to disregard this rule provided that there are appropriate braille authority policies and guidelines in place which transcribers in your country are expected to follow to ensure that ambiguity is avoided.

Do not use grade 1 indicators for foreign material in uncontracted braille.

Use UEB contractions in words, phrases, proper names and personal titles which are regarded as anglicised. However, do not use a contraction that would unduly distort the pronunciation or structure of a word.

Greek: In the letter combination "sth", use the contractions "th" or "the" (representing the letter theta) rather than the contraction "st".

Scandinavian languages: Use the "ar" contraction in the letter combination "aar" (in which aa represents a with circle above)

Welsh: Do not use the contraction "ed" in the letter combination "edd" (dd represents a distinct letter). Similarly use "ff" contraction in the letter combination "off" rather than the contraction for "of".

There are two ways to represent accented letters in braille within a UEB context:

•  by means of UEB signs for modifiers (13.5), or 
•  by means of the foreign code signs used in braille production in the country where the language is spoken (13.6). 

Use UEB signs to represent accented letters, punctuation or Greek letters where it is judged likely that most readers will be unfamiliar with the foreign code signs, and where the nature of the material does not create a reasonable expectation that they should learn them. UEB signs should therefore be used:

•  for occasional foreign words and phrases occurring in English context; 
  
•  for longer foreign passages such as conversation occurring in English novels or in other English works regarded as primarily for leisure reading.
  

Refer to: Section 4, Letters and their modifiers, for the complete list of UEB signs for accents and Greek letters.