13.7.3If the main body of text is in a foreign language with occasional
words or passages of English interspersed, e.g. by way of
commentary or explanation, it is recommended that the function of
the code switch indicators should be reversed, so that they enclose
the UEB material. Explain this reversal in a transcriber's note. |
13.8.1For a literary work in which English and one or more other languages are interspersed freely with no typographical or other distinction, consider the braille codes of the languages involved and the issue of ambiguity in determining whether to use UEB contractions and how to represent accented letters. Do not mix UEB signs and foreign code signs for any particular print character or braille indicator. Note: The following example is a mix of English and Spanish. In this
example, foreign code signs are used for accented letters since it is
expected that readers would be familiar with them. Uncontracted
braille is used to avoid ambiguity. UEB signs are used for
punctuation and indicators. |
14.1.1The purpose of code switching is to indicate text which is transcribed in a braille code other than UEB. This may include:6 • braille codes for languages other than English, such as Afrikaans, French, German, Spanish, Vietnamese • IPA Braille: An Updated Tactile Representation of the International Phonetic Alphabet [see 14.4] • New International Manual of Braille Music Notation [see 14.5] • The Nemeth Braille Code for Mathematics and Science Notation [see 14.6] • other non-UEB braille codes for subjects such as mathematics, chemistry, computer science (assuming the transcriber has a special reason for switching, which in general is not necessary in UEB) • historical braille codes • proposed braille codes |
14.2.1When a text is to be read in hardcopy braille, do not use code
switching indicators when the nature and extent of the non-UEB text
can be determined by the context or format. |
14.2.2In situations where code switching indicators are not used, ensure
that the format or position of the non-UEB material is clear to the
reader. Often the text itself will make it obvious, for example: when
the introduction of a bilingual dictionary explains that the entry word
in French is followed by its pronunciation in IPA; when the text has two columns headed "Spanish" and "English"; or when the text states
that the words in German are in bold. If the text does not explicitly
draw attention to the non-UEB material, use a transcriber's note to
explain the format or position of non-UEB braille codes. |
14.2.3Use code switching indicators for non-UEB material when writing
braille that will be translated into print or where context and format
cues are not obvious or meaningful, for example when a file will be
read electronically. |
14.2.4Use code switching indicators when the non-UEB braille would be
ambiguous and when the nature and extent of the non-UEB text
cannot be determined by the context or format. |
14.2.5When code switching indicators with identifiers are used, explain
them either on a special symbols page or in a transcriber's note
positioned before the affected material. [See 14.3.3.] |
14.3.1Place the non-UEB word indicator immediately preceding the
symbols-sequence to which it applies. Its effect is terminated by the
next space or by the next non-UEB word terminator. |
14.3.10In the rare instance where the closing non-UEB passage indicator
could realistically be misread as a symbol within the non-UEB code,
instead use an opening non-UEB passage indicator augmented with
the identifier "en" (for English) to indicate that UEB is resuming. If
even this would be misread, the transcriber may devise a safe
indicator to resume UEB. |